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Male Axillary Extracts Contain Pheromones that Affect Pulsatile Secretion of Luteinizing

Hormone and Mood in Women Recipients

George Preti2,3,4, Charles J. Wysocki3,5, Kurt T. Barnhart6, Steven

J. Sondheimer6 and James J. Leyden4

Monell Chemical Senses Center,3 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

Department of Dermatology,4 School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104

Department of Animal Biology,5 School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

19104 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,6 School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania 19104

Human underarm secretions, when applied to women recipients, alter the length and timing

of the menstrual cycle. These effects are thought to arise from exposure to primer pheromones that are produced in

the underarm. Pheromones can affect endocrine (primer) or behavioral (releaser) responses, provide information

(signaler), or perhaps even modify emotion or mood (modulator). In this study, we extracted underarm secretions from

pads worn by men and placed the extract under the nose of women volunteers while monitoring serum LH and

emotion/mood. Pulses of LH are excellent indicators of the release of GnRH from the brain's hypothalamus. In women,

the positive influence of GnRH on LH affects the length and timing of the menstrual cycle, which, in turn, affects

fertility. Here we show that extracts of male axillary secretions have a direct effect upon LH-pulsing and mood of

women. In our subjects, the putative male pheromone(s) advanced the onset of the next peak of LH after its

application, reduced tension, and increased relaxation. These results demonstrate that male axillary secretions

contain one or more constituents that act as primer and modulator pheromones.
Very interesting

article that provides evidence that pheromones cause an LH spike in females.

Bobby